ATI RN Pharmacology 2019 A Exam Study Questions And Answers

A nurse is instructing a client on the application of nitroglycerin transdermal patches. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a. "I should apply a patch every 5 mins if I develop chest pain."
b. "I will take the patch off right after my evening meal."
c. "I will leave the patch off at least 1 day each week."
d. "I should discard the used patch by flushing it down the toilet." - b. "I will take the patch off right after my evening meal."
-clients should remove the patch each evening for a medication free time of 12-14 hr before applying a new patch to avoid developing a tolerance to the medication's effects
-nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are used to treat new onset of angina pain. A client who uses sublingual tablets should place one tablet under their tongue at the onset of angina pain and continue taking a table every 5 min for a total of three doses of nitroglycerin. The effects of a nitroglycerin patch will take 30-60 min to occur and are not useful to prevent an ongoing angina attack
-nitroglycerin is an antianginal medication that results in dilation of the coronary vessels. Clients should apply the patch daily to sustain prophylaxis
-medication remains in the transdermal patch after removing it from the body and must be discarded safely. The nurse should instruct the client to fold the patch ends together with the medication on the inside and place the discarded patch in a closed container so that children and pets cannot gain access to the medication

A nurse receives a verbal order from the provider to administer morphine five milligrams every 4 hours subcutaneously for severe pain as needed. The nurse should identify which of the following entries as the correct format for the medication administration record (MAR)?
a. MSO4 5 mg subcut every 4 hr PRN severe pain
b. Morphine 5 mg subcut every 4 hr PRN severe pain
c. MSO4 5 mg SQ every 4 hr PRN severe pain
d. Morphine 5.0 mg subcutaneously every 4 hr PRN severe pain - b. Morphine 5 mg subcut every 4 hr PRN severe pain
-the medication name is spelled out and there are not any abbreviations from The Joint Commission's "Do Not Use" list included in the transcript
-the use of the abbreviation MSO4 is prohibited by The Joint Commission. The medication name morphine must be spelled out to reduce the risk for error
-SQ is prohibited by The Joint Commission; this route should be written as subcut, subq, or subcutaneously
-the trailing zero on 5.0 can be mistaken for 50 if the decimal point is missed

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking acetazolamide for chronic open-angle glaucoma. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to monitor and report?
a. tingling of fingers
b. constipation
c. weight gain
d. oliguria - a. tingling of fingers
-the nurse should instruct the client to report the adverse effect of paresthesia, a tingling sensation in the extremities, when taking acetazolamide
-diarrhea is an adverse effect of acetazolamide due to gastrointestinal disturbances
-weight loss is an adverse effect of acetazolamide due to GI disturbances causing reduced appetite
-polyuria is an adverse effect of acetazolamide

A nurse administers a dose of metformin to a client instead of the prescribed dose of metoclopramide. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
a. report the incident to the charge nurse
b. notify the provider
c. check the client's blood glucose
d. fill our an incident report - c. check the client's blood glucose
-the first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. The client is at risk for hypoglycemia. The nurse should monitor the client's blood glucose and provide the client with a snack to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia
-the rest of these answers are also correct, but there is another action the nurse should take first

A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and is taking oral morphine and docusate sodium. The nurse should instruct the client that taking the docusate sodium daily can minimize which of the following adverse effects of morphine?
a. constipation
b. drowsiness
c. facial flushing
d. itching - a. constipation
-constipation is a common adverse effect of morphine that can be minimized by taking docusate sodium, a stool softener that promotes easier evacuation of stool by increasing water and fat in the intestines

A nurse is assessing a client's vital signs prior to the administration of PO digoxin. The client's BP is 144/86 mm Hg, heart rate is 55/min, and respiratory rate is 20/min. The nurse should withhold the medication and contact the provider for which of the following findings?
a. diastolic BP
b. systolic BP
c. heart rate
d. respiratory rate - c. heart rate